Apparatus for and process of making hollow bodies



Nov. 16, 1937. 2,098,989

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APPARATUS FOR AND PROCESS OF MAKING HOLLOW BODIES Filed July 24, 1934 1a Sheets-Sheet 13 VINVENTOR m. gr b, mecca ATTORNEY Nov. 16, 1937. c. M. YODER 8 APPARATUS FOR AND PROCESS OF MAKING HOLLOW BOD IES I Filed July 24, 1934 18 Sheets-Sheet 14 INVENTOR 4M1 M- gn v C. M. YODER APPARATUS FOR AND PROCESS OF MAKINO HOLLOW BODIES Nov. 16, 1937.

Filed July 24, 1934 18 Sheets-Sheet l RM v.99

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APPARATUS FOR 1ND PROCESS OF MAKING HOLLOW BODIES Filed July 24. 1934 1a sham-sheet 17 Nov. 16, 1937.

c. M. 'YODER mm; July 24', 1934 1a She ets-She et 1e I INVENTOR BY W 31 @J/WM ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 16, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Carl Minter Yoder, Lakewood, Ohio, assignor to The 'Yoder Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a cor-- poration of Ohio France April 23, 1934,

April 23, 1934 and in Great Britain 42 Claims. (Cl- 113-33) This invention relates to apparatus for and method of forming sheet material, including sheet metal and sheet steel ordinarily knownas skelp, into hollow bodies for various uses, including con- 6 tainers for liquid and gas, and conduits and pipes for storing and conveying gas, oils and other fluids. One important object of the invention is to provide an improved apparatus for making hollow bodies of various sizes including relatively large hollow bodies of maximum length and capacity expeditiously and economically, these results being attained by reason of the fact that contiguous portions of the material, from its opposite side edges inwardly,- are successively curved, guided'and controlled to shape the material into final form.

Another object of the invention is to provide improved apparatus and method for continuously supplying sheet material, continuously shaping the material into hollow form, continuously welding the seam of the form and cutting the formed body into predetermined lengths, or sections, whereby the latter are produced, ready for use, speedily, without intermediate handling, manu- 5 ally or otherwise, economically and without waste of material. In this form of apparatus and method, when it is desired to weld the seams by a separate apparatus, material of indefinite length may be continuously fed to the apparatus and formed into hollow bodies and cut into predetermined lengths ready for welding or material of predetermined lengths may be fed to the apparatus and formed into hollow bodies.

Another'object of the invention-is to provide an improved apparatus and method for forming hollow bodies having a predetermined diameter and length and adapted to operate upon material irrespective of the degree of resiliency which may be characteristically inherent therein.

Other objects of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which my invention relates from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein Figs. 1, 1a, 1b and 10 together illustrate a side elevation of an apparatus embodying my invention and capable of carrying out my improved process.

Figs. 2, 2a, 2b and together illustrate a plan 50 view of the apparatus. Fig. 211 is a fragmentary section on the line 2d2d of Fig. 2. Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is anend elevation looking towards the left of Fig. 10.

Fig. 5 is a detail view of parts shown in Figs. 1c, 20 and 4.

Fig. 5a is a fragmentary section on the line 5a5aof Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a section on the line 6-6 of Figs. 2 and 6a. I

Fig; 6a is a section on the line Get-Boot Fig. 6.

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary view on the line 1-I of Fig. 2a. I

Fig. 7a is a section on the line la-la of Figs. 1a and 2a.

Fig. 8 is a section on the line 8-8 of Figs. 1a. and 2a.

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary section on the line 99 of Figs. 1a and lb, enlarged.

Figs. 10, 10a. and 10b are fragmentary sections on the lines Ill-l0, Inc-Ilia and lob-Nib, respectively, of Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary section substantially on the line ll-ll of Figs. 1b and 12.

Fig. 12 is a section on the line I2--l2 of Fig. 2b.

Fig. 12a is a fragmentary section on the line llial6a of Fig. 15, enlarged.

Fig. 17 is a fragmentary plan view of parts shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

Fig. 18 is a section on the line I 8 -I8 of Fig. 17.

Fig. 19 is a section on the line l9 -ll of Fig. 18.

Fig. 20 is an end view of a filler.

Fig. 21 is a plan view of a filler.

Fig. 22 is a fragmentary section on the line 22-22 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 23 is a detail view showing the reciprocating mechanism for the saw support; being a fragmentary section on line 23-23 of Fig. 2c.

Fig. 23a is a section on the line Zia-23a of Fig. 23.

Fig. 24 is a plan view of a portion of the sheet stack showing the up-setting thereof transversely throughout its central portion after passing through the up-setting rolls; this being the first step of my complete process.

Fig. 25 is a section on the line 25-25 of Fig. 24. Fig. 25a is a section similai"*- toFig. 25, but

showing the tip-set portions rolled down afterpassing the second set of feeding rolls.

Figs. 26 to 47, inclusive, show by fragmentary view of the apparatus, the remaining successive steps of my process in shaping the stock or skelp from a web A into final shape.

Figs. 36a and 36b are fragmentary views on the lines 3611-3611 and 3611-361), respectively, of Fig. 36.

Fig. 48 shows a fragmentary portion of the shaped material after passing the welding apparatus.

Fig. 49 is a view similar to Fig. 48, but showing the final cutting step, whereby the shaped material is cut into predetermined lengths and ready for installation.

Fig. 50 is a fragmentary perspective view showing the marginal portion of a sheet stock as it comes from the mill after passing the shearing devices.

Fig. 51 is a fragmentary perspective view showing the marginal portion of the stock A after it has passed the edge shaping or conditioning means. 1

Fig. 52 is a perspective view of a shaped body or member formed from a blank of predetermined length..

Fig. 53 is an'end of the member shown in Fig. 52. Fig. 54 is a plan view of a machine capable of slotting the material to effect a preliminary cutting thereof on transverse lines.

Fig. 55 is an elevation looking toward the right of Fig. 54, parts being broken away.

Fig. 56 is an end elevation, parts being broken away.

Figs. 57 and 58 are sections on the lines 51-51 and 58-58, respectively, of Fig. 54.

Fig. 59 is a fragmentary section on the line 5959 of Fig. 54.

Fig. 60 is a plan view of a portion of the material showing a slot stamped therein,

Fig. 61 is a section on the line 6ll60 of Fig. 59.

Fig. 62 is a fragmentary view,,partly diagrammatic, showing one form of electrical means for controlling the operation of the final severing mechanism.

Fig. 63 is a view similar to Fig. 61, but showing the position of the parts in operated position.

Fig. 64 is a section on the line -64. of

Fig. 62.

Fig. 65 is a section on the line 65-65 'of Fig. 64.

Fig. 66 is a fragmentary view showing a form of mechanical means for controlling the final severing means.

Fig. 67 is a view similar to Fig. 66 and additional parts of the controlling means, in operated position.

Fig. 68 is a fragmentary view of a portion of the pawl, enlarged.

Fig. 69 is a view, partly diagrammatic, showing another form of electrical means, employing a photo-electric cell, for controlling the final severing mechanism.

- Fig. 70 is a plan view of parts shown in Fig.69.

Fig. 71 is a section on the line ll-ll of Fi 70. F r

The apparatuses and methods herein illustrated may be used for shaping various of sheet material, including plate steel or sheet metal stock of varying thicknesses and oi any desired width and length, for example, skelp of indefinite length or skelp which'has first been cut into sections or blanks having a predetermined width and length. The apparatus herein disclosed is constructed to produce from V inch steel plate hollow cylindrical bodies of any desired length (for example 40 to 50 feet) and twenty inches in diameter. By the substitution of different sized rolls and parts, and/or omission of unnecessary sets of rolls, the apparatus may be adapted to shape material of different thicknesses into cylindrical bodies of larger and smaller diameters when desired.

In the apparatus and process herein illustrated I provide (a) means for conditioning the longitndinal side edges of the material, (b) a plurality of main sets of bending or shaping rolls constituting passes for the material and arranged to first bend or curve lateral portions or increments of the material progressively inwardly, then bend or curve the central portion of the material and finally size the shaped material, certain rolls of each set being preferably driven, intermediate sets or groups of rolls, constituting separate passes, co-operative with the main sets of rolls for re-shaping, guiding and working the material and (11) certain other parts and mechanisms hereinafter referred to. v

I also provide mechanism for slotting, up-setting or cutting a portion of the material on transverse lines at points spaced longitudinally of the material equal to the predetermined length of the bodies to be formed, and, following the shaping of the material and welding of the longitudinal seam, I sever the remaining portions of the material transversely on lines coincident with the previous slotting, up-setting or cutting, whereby the shaped material is cut into predetermined lengths. These operations are coordinated with the feeding, shaping and welding of the material, so that the shaping andwelding is carried on continuously and the bodies are successively completed.

My process is carried out, with the herein disclosed arrangement of cutting mechanisms and passes in the following manner: the material is first cut or otherwise severed transversely along its intermediate-portion leaving its opposite marginal portions integral to provide continuous walls for pre-heating and welding by the welding apparatus; next, the side edges of the material are conditioned ready for welding; next, the outer lateral portions of the material are simultaneously curved on longitudinal ,lines on a radius smaller than the predetermined radius of the completed body to bend them beyond the elastic limit of the material; next, these curved portions are simultaneously re-shaped to the predetermined radius of the'completed body and the adjacent inward lateral portions of the material are simultaneously curved about approximately the same radius preparatory to the curving thereof by the succeeding pass to the smaller radius, these steps being carried out progressively on adjacent inward portions of the material toward its central portion, which is finally curved on the predetermined radius, thereby shaping the material into cylindrical form with its longitudinal side edges in opposed, slightly spaced relation; intermediate the steps of curving the outermost lateral portions of the material and the central portion thereof, such lateral curved .tic limit of the material to removefrom such portions all resiliency of the metal and (b) condition or work the marginal portions of the ma- 

